![]() Moreover, condensates are strongly linked to pathological aggregation diseases such as Alzheimer’s and ALS. ![]() For instance, increased nucleolar size is associated with increased ribosome biogenesis 10 and has been associated with both cancer 11 and Hutchinson–Gilford progeria 12. Similarly, large deviations from typical condensate sizes, which have been described for many nuclear condensates, including nucleoli 1, Cajal bodies 8 and nuclear speckles 9, are associated with dysfunction and pathology. In the context of metabolism, co-clustering enzymes into condensates can increase the efficiency of reactions by spatially co-localizing enzymes with their substrates 6, but only for a restricted range of condensate sizes 7. Similar content being viewed by othersĬondensates of biological macromolecules play critical roles in many biological processes, including ribosome synthesis 1, DNA organization 2 and repair 3 and stress responses 4, 5. The appearance of exponential distributions for abrupt nucleation versus power-law distributions under continuous nucleation may reflect a general principle that determines condensate size distributions. We demonstrate this by utilizing a combination of synthetic and native condensates to probe the underlying physical mechanisms determining condensate size. These distinct behaviours reflect the relative importance of nucleation and coalescence kinetics. In contrast, pathological aggregates exhibit a power-law size distribution. Here we show that both native and synthetic condensates display an exponential size distribution, which is captured by Monte Carlo simulations of fast nucleation followed by coalescence. However, the physical processes that govern the distribution of condensate sizes remain unclear. ![]() Precise and rapid spatiotemporal control of reactions by condensates requires tuning of their sizes. Phase separation of biomolecules into condensates has emerged as a mechanism for intracellular organization and affects many intracellular processes, including reaction pathways through the clustering of enzymes and pathway intermediates.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |